The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.